Finland’s public sector balance sheet

Balance sheet effects, foreign reserves and public policies ¬リニ

This paper shows that countries can use foreign reserves to enhance their domestic economies’ resilience to potential risks from balance sheet effects. Based on a theoretical model, this paper demonstrates that the government can either deploy its foreign reserves to lend in foreign currency to the private sector or increase fiscal spending on domestic goods. Both these policy tools can remedy ...

Balance Sheet

The Technology Balance Sheet

Just as it is essential to understand an organization's financial health, it is equally necessary to understand and measure its technological health. The first section of the chapter describes the technology balance sheet, a useful approach to measuring a company's technology. The second section presents a number of classic technology-related flaws, ranging from requiring infinite technology (i...

Role of off-balance sheet operations on bank scale economies: Evidence from China's banking sector

Article history: Received 18 September 2014 Received in revised form 24 September 2014 Accepted 15 October 2014 Available online 20 October 2014 This paper investigates product-specific scale economies of banks with respect to off-balance sheet operations. The cost benefits from the non-separability of outputs available to banks that imply the role of OBS activities on bank scale economies are ...

The Privatization of Brazil's Electricity Industry: Sector Reform or Restatement of the Government's Balance Sheet?

The Brazilian Power Sector, Latin America's largest, unique among energy suppliers to the world's leading economies, is almost completely dependent on one resource for its energy supply: water. Of its 65, 134 MW of installed generating capacity, in 1998 more than 90% was hydro. A substantial amount of that hydro capacity is located on only a few rivers. The sites for the generating facilities, ...